Penn Treebank

Penn Treebank

Tag

Description

ADJP

Adjective Phrase.

ADVP

Adverb Phrase.

CONJP

Conjunction Phrase.

FRAG

Fragment.

INTJ

Interjection. Corresponds approximately to the part-of-speech tag UH.

LST

List marker. Includes surrounding punctuation.

NAC

Not a Constituent; used to show the scope of certain prenominal modifiers within an NP.

NP

Noun Phrase.

NX

- Used within certain complex NPs to mark the head of the NP. Corresponds very roughly to N-bar level but used quite differently.

PP

Prepositional Phrase.

PRN

Parenthetical

PRT

Particle. Category for words that should be tagged RP.

QP

Quantifier Phrase (i.e. complex measure/amount phrase); used within NP.

ROOT

No description

RRC

Reduced Relative Clause.

S

conjunction or a wh-word and that does not exhibit subject-verb inversion.

SBAR

Clause introduced by a (possibly empty) subordinating conjunction.

SBARQ

- Direct question introduced by a wh-word or a wh-phrase. Indirect questions and relative clauses should be bracketed as SBAR, not SBARQ.

SINV

- Inverted declarative sentence, i.e. one in which the subject follows the tensed verb or modal.

SQ

Inverted yes/no question, or main clause of a wh-question, following the wh-phrase in SBARQ.

UCP

Unlike Coordinated Phrase.

VP

Verb Phrase.

WHADJP

Wh-adjective Phrase. Adjectival phrase containing a wh-adverb, as in how hot.

WHADVP

- Wh-adverb Phrase. Introduces a clause with an NP gap. May be null (containing the 0 complementizer) or lexical, containing a wh-adverb such as how or why.

WHNP

- Wh-noun Phrase. Introduces a clause with an NP gap. May be null (containing the 0 complementizer) or lexical, containing some wh-word, e.g. who, which book, whose daughter, none of which, or how many leopards.

WHPP

- Wh-prepositional Phrase. Prepositional phrase containing a wh-noun phrase (such as of which or by whose authority) that either introduces a PP gap or is contained by a WHNP.

X

- Unknown, uncertain, or unbracketable. X is often used for bracketing typos and in bracketing the…​the-constructions.